Guilt - Revision history

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2026-08-17T15:30:13Z

Anxiety

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 ==Anxiety==
-'''[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11625657/#bjo17889-sec-0016 Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.] Bodunde EO, Buckley D, O'Neill E, Al Khalaf S, Maher GM, O'Connor K, McCarthy FP, Kublickiene K, Matvienko-Sikar K, Khashan AS.  BJOG. 2025 Jan;132(2):131-142. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17889.'''<blockquote>Background: Few studies have examined the associations between pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term (>12 months) maternal mental health outcomes.
+'''Ilic, I., Babic, G., Sipetic Grujicic, S., Zivanovic Macuzic, I., Ilic, M., Ravic-Nikolic, A., & Milicic, V. (2026). Concurrent depression and anxiety in women undergoing additional diagnostic procedures due to positive screening for cervical cancer. ''Plos one'', ''21''(2), e0342492.'''<blockquote>Introduction
 Objectives: To review the published literature on pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term maternal mental health outcomes.

Barb: /* Anxiety */

2025-12-31T14:38:52Z

Anxiety

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 ==Anxiety==
-[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079434 Previous pregnancy outcomes and subsequent pregnancy anxiety in a Quebec prospective cohort.] Shapiro GD, Séguin JR, Muckle G, Monnier P, Fraser WD. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017 Jun;38(2):121-132. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2016.1271979. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
+'''[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11625657/#bjo17889-sec-0016 Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.] Bodunde EO, Buckley D, O'Neill E, Al Khalaf S, Maher GM, O'Connor K, McCarthy FP, Kublickiene K, Matvienko-Sikar K, Khashan AS.  BJOG. 2025 Jan;132(2):131-142. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17889.'''<blockquote>Background: Few studies have examined the associations between pregnancy and birth complications and long‐term (>12 months) maternal mental health outcomes.
 :INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy anxiety is an important psychosocial risk factor that may be more strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes than other measures of stress. Better understanding of the upstream predictors and causes of pregnancy anxiety could help to identify high-risk women for adverse maternal and infant outcomes. The objective of the present study was to measure the associations between five past pregnancy outcomes (live preterm birth (PTB), live term birth, miscarriage at <20 weeks, stillbirth at ≥20 weeks, and elective abortion) and pregnancy anxiety at three trimesters in a subsequent pregnancy.

Barb: /* Anxiety */

2025-08-25T19:25:00Z

Anxiety

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 25 August 2025
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	:DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that the outcomes of previous pregnancies should be incorporated, along with demographic and psychosocial characteristics, into conceptual models framing pregnancy anxiety.		:DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that the outcomes of previous pregnancies should be incorporated, along with demographic and psychosocial characteristics, into conceptual models framing pregnancy anxiety.

			'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31485778/ Prevalence of depression and anxiety in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and the associated risk factors]. He L, Wang T, Xu H, Chen C, Liu Z, Kang X, Zhao A. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019 Oct;300(4):1061-1066. doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05264-z. Epub 2019 Aug 21. PMID: 31485778.'''<blockquote>'''Objective:''' To investigate the prevalence and explore potential risk factors of depression and anxiety in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

			'''Methods:''' 1138 non-pregnant women aged 20-40 years old who attempted to conceive were invited to complete a questionnaire, including basic information, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).

			'''Results:''' 782 RPL women, 218 women with one pregnancy loss and 138 women with no history of pregnancy loss were included in this study. We found that both RPL patients and women with one pregnancy loss had significantly higher SDS and SAS scores than the control group (P = 0.006, 0.003). Furthermore, in RPL patients, those with lower education level (lower than university), lower household income (< 10,000 yuan) and '''history of induced abortion''' had significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety. Women with multiple pregnancy losses ( ≥ 3) and no live birth had significantly higher SDS scores. Women who had been married for 3 years or more had a significantly higher SAS score. Logistic regression revealed that lower education level (lower than university) was an independent risk factor for depression (adjusted OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.10-2.77, P = 0.018) and anxiety (adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.04-3.13, P = 0.037), and women with three or more pregnancy losses had increased odds of depression than those with two pregnancy losses (adjusted OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.15-2.88, P = 0.012).

			'''Conclusion:''' RPL patients are more likely to develop depression and anxiety than women with no history of pregnancy loss. Lower education level and multiple pregnancy losses (≥ 3) appear to be two independent risk factors of depression and anxiety in women with RPL. Women with one pregnancy loss also show a significant higher level for depression and anxiety. Appropriate psychological intervention can be considered for such patients.</blockquote>

	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500660 Anxiety and quality of life after first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a prospective study.] Toffol E, Pohjoranta E, Suhonen S, Hurskainen R, Partonen T, Mentula M, Heikinheimo O. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016 Oct;95(10):1171-80. doi: 10.1111/aogs.12959.		[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500660 Anxiety and quality of life after first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a prospective study.] Toffol E, Pohjoranta E, Suhonen S, Hurskainen R, Partonen T, Mentula M, Heikinheimo O. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016 Oct;95(10):1171-80. doi: 10.1111/aogs.12959.

Barb: /* Anxiety */

2017-11-03T15:40:30Z

Anxiety

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:40, 3 November 2017
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	==Anxiety==		==Anxiety==
	[Anxiety and quality of life after first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a prospective study.] Toffol E, Pohjoranta E, Suhonen S, et al. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016;95(10):1171-1180. doi:10.1111/aogs.12959.

	~~Introduction~~: ~~Possible effects of termination of~~ pregnancy (~~TOP~~) ~~on mental health are a matter of debate~~.		[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079434 Previous pregnancy outcomes and subsequent pregnancy anxiety in a Quebec prospective cohort.] Shapiro GD, Séguin JR, Muckle G, Monnier P, Fraser WD. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017 Jun;38(2):121-132. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2016.1271979. Epub 2017 Jan 12.

	~~Material and methods~~: ~~We assessed~~ anxiety ~~and quality~~ of ~~life during a one-year follow up after first-trimester TOP using~~ the ~~State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale~~ and ~~EuroQoL Quality~~ of ~~Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D, EQ~~-~~VAS) in 742~~ women ~~participating in a randomized controlled trial on early provision of intrauterine contraception~~. The ~~measurements were performed before TOP~~, at ~~3 months and 1 year after TOP. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, residence in Helsinki, duration of gestation~~ <12 weeks, ~~non-medical indication for TOP~~, and ~~approval of intrauterine contraception. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials~~.		:INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy anxiety is an important psychosocial risk factor that may be more strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes than other measures of stress. Better understanding of the upstream predictors and causes of pregnancy anxiety could help to identify high-risk women for adverse maternal and infant outcomes. The objective of the present study was to measure the associations between five past pregnancy outcomes (live preterm birth (PTB), live term birth, miscarriage at <20 weeks, stillbirth at ≥20 weeks, and elective abortion) and pregnancy anxiety at three trimesters in a subsequent pregnancy.

	~~Results~~: ~~When compared with baseline~~, ~~the overall anxiety level was significantly lower and quality of life higher at 3 months and at 1 year~~. ~~Reduction of anxiety~~ and ~~improvement of quality of life was especially evident (p < 0.001) in the 58% of women reporting clinically relevant anxiety~~ at ~~baseline~~. ~~High levels of~~ anxiety ~~at baseline, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking predicted significantly greater risk of poorer quality of life and elevated level of anxiety during~~ the ~~follow up~~.		:METHODS: Analyses were conducted using data from the 3D Cohort Study, a Canadian birth cohort. Data on maternal demographic characteristics and pregnancy history for each known previous pregnancy were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires at study entry. Pregnancy anxiety for the index study pregnancy was measured prospectively by self-administered questionnaire following three prenatal study visits.

	~~Conclusions~~: TOP is associated with a significant overall reduction of anxiety and an improvement of quality of life among women undergoing it for non-medical indications. High baseline anxiety, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking are risk factors of persistently high levels of anxiety and poor quality of life after an induced abortion. These data are important when designing and providing post-abortion care.		:RESULTS: Of 2366 participants in the 3D Study, 1505 had at least one previous pregnancy. In linear regression analyses with adjustment for confounding variables, prior live term birth was associated with lower pregnancy anxiety in all three trimesters, whereas prior miscarriage was significantly associated with higher pregnancy anxiety in the first trimester. Prior stillbirth was associated with greater pregnancy anxiety in the third trimester. Prior elective abortion was significantly associated with higher pregnancy anxiety scores in the first and second trimesters, with an association of similar magnitude observed in the third trimester.

			:DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that the outcomes of previous pregnancies should be incorporated, along with demographic and psychosocial characteristics, into conceptual models framing pregnancy anxiety.




			[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500660 Anxiety and quality of life after first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a prospective study.] Toffol E, Pohjoranta E, Suhonen S, Hurskainen R, Partonen T, Mentula M, Heikinheimo O. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016 Oct;95(10):1171-80. doi: 10.1111/aogs.12959.

			:INTRODUCTION: Possible effects of termination of pregnancy (TOP) on mental health are a matter of debate.

			:MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed anxiety and quality of life during a one-year follow up after first-trimester TOP using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale and EuroQoL Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D, EQ-VAS) in 742 women participating in a randomized controlled trial on early provision of intrauterine contraception. The measurements were performed before TOP, at 3 months and 1 year after TOP. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, residence in Helsinki, duration of gestation <12 weeks, non-medical indication for TOP, and approval of intrauterine contraception. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials.

			:RESULTS: When compared with baseline, the overall anxiety level was significantly lower and quality of life higher at 3 months and at 1 year. Reduction of anxiety and improvement of quality of life was especially evident (p < 0.001) in the 58% of women reporting clinically relevant anxiety at baseline. High levels of anxiety at baseline, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking predicted significantly greater risk of poorer quality of life and elevated level of anxiety during the follow up.

			:CONCLUSIONS: TOP is associated with a significant overall reduction of anxiety and an improvement of quality of life among women undergoing it for non-medical indications. High baseline anxiety, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking are risk factors of persistently high levels of anxiety and poor quality of life after an induced abortion. These data are important when designing and providing post-abortion care.

	'''Editor Notes:'''		'''Editor Notes:'''

Barb: /* Sleep Disorders */

2016-12-16T23:27:35Z

Sleep Disorders

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 ==[[Sleep Disorders]]==
-'''[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1081/ADA-100100591 Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record-Based Study.] Reardon, D.C. and Coleman, P.K. (2006)  Sleep, 29, 105-106.'''
+See [[Sleep Disorders]]
 ==Intrusion/Avoidance/Dreams/Nightmares==

Barb: /* Sleep Disorders */

2016-12-16T23:24:54Z

Sleep Disorders

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:24, 16 December 2016
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	:Broen et al.'s results show that women who had a miscarriage suffer more mental distress up until six months after the event than women who had an abortion. Women who had an abortion, however, experienced more mental distress long after the event - two and five years afterwards - than women who had a miscarriage. Women who experienced induced abortion had significantly greater IES scores for avoidance and for the feelings of guilt, shame and relief than the miscarriage group at two and five years after the pregnancy termination (IES avoidance means: 3.2 vs 9.3 at T3, respectively, p < 0.001; 1.5 vs 8.3 at T4, respectively, p < 0.001). Compared with the general population, women who had undergone induced abortion had significantly higher HADS anxiety scores at all four interviews (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), while women who had had a miscarriage had significantly higher anxiety scores only at T1 (p < 0.01).		:Broen et al.'s results show that women who had a miscarriage suffer more mental distress up until six months after the event than women who had an abortion. Women who had an abortion, however, experienced more mental distress long after the event - two and five years afterwards - than women who had a miscarriage. Women who experienced induced abortion had significantly greater IES scores for avoidance and for the feelings of guilt, shame and relief than the miscarriage group at two and five years after the pregnancy termination (IES avoidance means: 3.2 vs 9.3 at T3, respectively, p < 0.001; 1.5 vs 8.3 at T4, respectively, p < 0.001). Compared with the general population, women who had undergone induced abortion had significantly higher HADS anxiety scores at all four interviews (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), while women who had had a miscarriage had significantly higher anxiety scores only at T1 (p < 0.01).

	==Sleep Disorders==		==[[Sleep Disorders]]==

	'''[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1081/ADA-100100591 Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record-Based Study.] Reardon, D.C. and Coleman, P.K. (2006) Sleep, 29, 105-106.'''		'''[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1081/ADA-100100591 Relative Treatment Rates for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Disturbances Following Abortion and Childbirth: A Prospective Record-Based Study.] Reardon, D.C. and Coleman, P.K. (2006) Sleep, 29, 105-106.'''

Barb: /* Sleep Disorders */

2016-12-16T23:24:25Z

Sleep Disorders

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:24, 16 December 2016
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	:Some 413 women between the ages of 14-40 who underwent first trimester abortions at the University of Pennsylvania in 1977-78 were rated on emotional symptoms on pre- abortion and post-abortion tests. Some 35% of the women were repeating abortions. Seventy percent of the women undergoing a first abortion were black and 93% of the women undergoing a repeat abortion were black. Post-abortion scores of emotional distress of repeat abortion patients compared with women who had a first-time abortion were significantly higher on interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, phobic anxiety and sleep disturbance.		:Some 413 women between the ages of 14-40 who underwent first trimester abortions at the University of Pennsylvania in 1977-78 were rated on emotional symptoms on pre- abortion and post-abortion tests. Some 35% of the women were repeating abortions. Seventy percent of the women undergoing a first abortion were black and 93% of the women undergoing a repeat abortion were black. Post-abortion scores of emotional distress of repeat abortion patients compared with women who had a first-time abortion were significantly higher on interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, phobic anxiety and sleep disturbance.

			The Long-Term Psycho-social Effects of Abortion, Catherine A. Barnard (Portsmouth, N.H.: Institute For Pregnancy Loss, 1990).
			Some 18.8% of women who had undergone induced abortion 3-5 years previously reported all Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome criteria (DSM-III R). Some 39-45% of women still had sleep disorders, hyper-vigilance and flashbacks of the abortion experience. Some 16.9% had high intrusion scores and 23.4% had high avoidance scores on the Impact of Events Scale. Women showed elevated scores on the MCMI test in areas of histrionic, anti-social narcissism, paranoid personality disorder and elevated anxiety compared with the sample on which the test had been normal.

			[http://sm-hs.eu/index.php/smhs/article/viewFile/sm-hs.2015.021/1186 Associations of Pregnancy Loss and Psychological State.] Serapinas D. Health Sciences 25(2):4-8, 2015. doi:10.5200/sm-hs.2015.021
			:Summary: Miscarriage and induced abortion are life events that can potentially cause mental distress. The objective of this study was literature review and to perform case study to determine whether there are any differences in the patterns of psychological symptoms after these two events and to point the importance of informed consent. In our study 20 women who experienced miscarriages and 20 women who underwent induced abortions were interviewed in Vilnius out patients clinics. We found that women who had pregnancy termination had more mental distress than women who experienced a miscarriage (guilty, anxiety, anger, episodes of crying etc). In abortion group 16 women mentioned that after event their sleep become more disturbed (insomnia, nightmires), while in control group 12 had such problems (p>0.05)."



			[http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=1895670&utm_source=Silverchair%20Information%20Systems&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=JAMAPsychiatry%3AOnlineFirst08%2F13%2F2014 Association of Poor Subjective Sleep Quality With Risk for Death by Suicide During a 10-Year Period: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study of Late Life.] Bernert RA, Turvey CL, Conwell Y, Joiner TE, Jr. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online August 13, 2014. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1126.

			Importance Older adults have high rates of sleep disturbance, die by suicide at disproportionately higher rates compared with other age groups, and tend to visit their physician in the weeks preceding suicide death. To our knowledge, to date, no study has examined disturbed sleep as an independent risk factor for late-life suicide.
			Objective To examine the relative independent risk for suicide associated with poor subjective sleep quality in a population-based study of older adults during a 10-year observation period.
			Design, Setting, and Participants A longitudinal case-control cohort study of late-life suicide among a multisite, population-based community sample of older adults participating in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Of 14 456 community older adults sampled, 400 control subjects were matched (on age, sex, and study site) to 20 suicide decedents.
			Main Outcomes and Measures Primary measures included the Sleep Quality Index, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale, and vital statistics.
			Results Hierarchical logistic regressions revealed that poor sleep quality at baseline was significantly associated with increased risk for suicide (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.14-1.69; P < .001) by 10 follow-up years. In addition, 2 sleep items were individually associated with elevated risk for suicide at 10-year follow-up: difficulty falling asleep (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.27-3.93; P < .01) and nonrestorative sleep (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.28-3.67; P < .01). Controlling for depressive symptoms, baseline self-reported sleep quality was associated with increased risk for death by suicide (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.63; P < .05)
			Conclusions and Relevance Our results indicate that poor subjective sleep quality is associated with increased risk for death by suicide 10 years later, even after adjustment for depressive symptoms. Disturbed sleep appears to confer considerable risk, independent of depressed mood, for the most severe suicidal behaviors and may warrant inclusion in suicide risk assessment frameworks to enhance detection of risk and intervention opportunity in late life.

	==Intrusion/Avoidance/Dreams/Nightmares==		==Intrusion/Avoidance/Dreams/Nightmares==

Barb: /* Intrusion/Avoidance/Dreams/Nightmares */

2016-12-16T23:21:00Z

Intrusion/Avoidance/Dreams/Nightmares

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 ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16343341?ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum The course of mental health after miscarriage and induced abortion: a five-year follow-up study.] [[Broen]] AN, Moum T, Bødtker AS, Ekeberg O.  BMC Medicine 2005, 3:18 (12 December 2005)''
 :Broen et al.'s results show that women who had a miscarriage suffer more mental distress up until six months after the event than women who had an abortion. Women who had an abortion, however, experienced more mental distress long after the event - two and five years afterwards - than women who had a miscarriage. Women who experienced induced abortion had significantly greater IES scores for avoidance and for the feelings of guilt, shame and relief than the miscarriage group at two and five years after the pregnancy termination (IES avoidance means: 3.2 vs 9.3 at T3, respectively, p < 0.001; 1.5 vs 8.3 at T4, respectively, p < 0.001). Compared with the general population, women who had undergone induced abortion had significantly higher HADS anxiety scores at all four interviews (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), while women who had had a miscarriage had significantly higher anxiety scores only at T1 (p < 0.01).
 ==Intrusion/Avoidance/Dreams/Nightmares==

Barb: /* Anxiety */

2016-10-18T21:52:36Z

Anxiety

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:52, 18 October 2016
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	==Anxiety==		==Anxiety==
			[Anxiety and quality of life after first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a prospective study.] Toffol E, Pohjoranta E, Suhonen S, et al. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016;95(10):1171-1180. doi:10.1111/aogs.12959.

			Introduction: Possible effects of termination of pregnancy (TOP) on mental health are a matter of debate.

			Material and methods: We assessed anxiety and quality of life during a one-year follow up after first-trimester TOP using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale and EuroQoL Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D, EQ-VAS) in 742 women participating in a randomized controlled trial on early provision of intrauterine contraception. The measurements were performed before TOP, at 3 months and 1 year after TOP. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, residence in Helsinki, duration of gestation <12 weeks, non-medical indication for TOP, and approval of intrauterine contraception. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials.

			Results: When compared with baseline, the overall anxiety level was significantly lower and quality of life higher at 3 months and at 1 year. Reduction of anxiety and improvement of quality of life was especially evident (p < 0.001) in the 58% of women reporting clinically relevant anxiety at baseline. High levels of anxiety at baseline, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking predicted significantly greater risk of poorer quality of life and elevated level of anxiety during the follow up.

			Conclusions: TOP is associated with a significant overall reduction of anxiety and an improvement of quality of life among women undergoing it for non-medical indications. High baseline anxiety, history of psychiatric morbidity and smoking are risk factors of persistently high levels of anxiety and poor quality of life after an induced abortion. These data are important when designing and providing post-abortion care.

			'''Editor Notes:'''

			* It appears the researchers are burying data. This is the only explanation for why did they excluded analysis of the trait anxiety subscale. Also, since the original objective was to "assess the mental well being of women during the first year after TOP," surely they must have also included scales for depression, PTSD, and more. Indeed, they later admit that they had more mental health variables, but they don't report any test of these others as outcome variables. Clearly, they are reporting on the anxiety state subscale and very similar quality of life index only because the produced baseline scores that allowed them to spin the results in a way that advance their agenda.

			*The baseline scores for both anxiety and the quality of life indexes are clearly depressed by the fact that they are accessed on a day of high stress--the day these women are undergoing an abortion. Obviously, the proper baseline would be an assessment a week or month before these women became pregnant. Only then could see if they "bounced back" from their abortions to their pre-pregnancy state. Otherwise, the baseline measure may simply be a measure of a "worst day" in these women's lives and the subsequent "bounce back" is simply evidence that time heals . . . or at least moderates anxiety.

			*In the methods section, the researchers reveal that that alcohol use, drug use, smoking, and psychiatric morbidity varied across the three time frames measured. But they don't use any of these as outcome variables to show us how they varied over time. Instead, they inappropriately employ them control variables. The use as control variables is inappropriate since they are not "independent factors" but may also be affected by exposure to abortion and other pregnancy losses. They also reveal that they have data on prior history of abortion and miscarriage. Their analyses should include measures of how multiple pregnancy losses may impact these findings...especially at baseline. If women with a prior pregnancy loss have higher anxiety levels at baseline, that would be a meaningful finding.

			* High attrition rate. Control group loss 52% at 3 months and 57% at one year. The intervention group was modestly better since an inserted IUD gave them more motivation to participate at 3 months. Complete data was available for only 45% of the women. The claim that approximately 70% are represented in the results is based on the inflating qualifier "baseline plus at least partial follow-up data were available for approximately 70% of the original sample."

			*Notably, women who had surgical abortion did not experience any improvement in anxiety or quality of life scores. The "benefit" were exclusive to women who had medical abortions. (p1175 col 1) The "benefits" were also associated with only the NLG-IUS IUD but not the Cu-IUD.



	''' [http://smo.sagepub.com/content/4/2050312116665997.full Abortion, substance abuse and mental health in early adulthood: Thirteen-year longitudinal evidence from the United States.] Sullins DP. SAGE Open Medicine 2016 vol: 4 (0) pp: 2050312116665997'''		''' [http://smo.sagepub.com/content/4/2050312116665997.full Abortion, substance abuse and mental health in early adulthood: Thirteen-year longitudinal evidence from the United States.] Sullins DP. SAGE Open Medicine 2016 vol: 4 (0) pp: 2050312116665997'''

Barb: /* Anxiety */

2016-09-25T15:29:33Z

Anxiety

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 25 September 2016
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	==Anxiety==		==Anxiety==

			''' [http://smo.sagepub.com/content/4/2050312116665997.full Abortion, substance abuse and mental health in early adulthood: Thirteen-year longitudinal evidence from the United States.] Sullins DP. SAGE Open Medicine 2016 vol: 4 (0) pp: 2050312116665997'''

			:'''Objective:''' To examine the links between pregnancy outcomes (birth, abortion, or involuntary pregnancy loss) and mental health outcomes for US women during the transition into adulthood to determine the extent of increased risk, if any, associated with exposure to induced abortion.

			:'''Method:''' Panel data on pregnancy history and mental health history for a nationally representative cohort of 8005 women at (average) ages 15, 22, and 28 years from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were examined for risk of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, cannabis abuse, and nicotine dependence by pregnancy outcome (birth, abortion, and involuntary pregnancy loss). Risk ratios were estimated for time-dynamic outcomes from population-averaged longitudinal logistic and Poisson regression models.

			:'''Results''': After extensive adjustment for confounding, other pregnancy outcomes, and sociodemographic differences, abortion was consistently associated with increased risk of mental health disorder. Overall risk was elevated 45% (risk ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–1.62; p < 0.0001). Risk of mental health disorder with pregnancy loss was mixed, but also elevated 24% (risk ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.37; p < 0.0001) overall. Birth was weakly associated with reduced mental disorders. One-eleventh (8.7%; 95% confidence interval, 6.0–11.3) of the prevalence of mental disorders examined over the period were attributable to abortion.

			:'''Conclusion''': Evidence from the United States confirms previous findings from Norway and New Zealand that, unlike other pregnancy outcomes, abortion is consistently associated with a moderate increase in risk of mental health disorders during late adolescence and early adulthood.

			:NOTE:Table 1: Anxiety, adjusted OR 1.23 (95% CI 0.97-1.55); Number of mental health problems OR=1.54 (95% CI 1.42-1.68) ( "Exposure to induced abortion was consistently associated with increased rate of most mental disorders, with ORs ranging from 1.02 to 2.83. This trend is summarized in the fact that women exposed to abortion from ages 15 to 29 (on average) experienced overall rates of mental health problems 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–1.47) times higher than those not exposed to abortion (p < 0.001)."