Impact on Later Pregnancies - Revision history

Barb: /* Hypertension (High-Blood Pressure) */

2026-06-23T15:21:17Z

Hypertension (High-Blood Pressure)

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:21, 23 June 2026
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	==Hypertension (High-Blood Pressure)==		==Hypertension (High-Blood Pressure)==

			'''Preeclampsia and the Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in Indonesia: a Literature Review. Ari, N. C., Novembriany, Y. E., Norlina, S., Sari, D. P., & Intarti, W. D. ''Path of Science'', ''10''(3), 1001-1012, (2024).'''

			Nationally, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia has dropped from 305 deaths per 100,000 live births to 189 deaths for 100,000 living births. The top three causes of maternal death are preeclampsia. Preeclampsia in pregnancy is the leading cause of death of 37%. This study was conducted to determine factors associated with preeclampsia among pregnant women in Indonesia. This scoping review method has the following inclusion criteria: scientific journals published most recently from January 2023 to December 2023. The research found 15 studies to fulfil the inclusion criteria determined by the author and topic discussion. Risk factors for preeclampsia among pregnant women were identified: parity, distance between pregnancies, pregnancy age, '''history of abortion''', education, income, knowledge, prior history of illness, contraceptive use, ANC visit, nutritional status, and Body Mass Index (BMI). This research can be used as a reference for health promotion related to preeclampsia risk factors for intervention to prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women who are at risk of developing the disease and putting the lives of the mother and the fetus she is carrying at risk.

	''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375282/ Subsequent risk of metabolic syndrome in women with a history of preeclampsia: data from the Health Examinees Study.] Yang JJ, Lee SA, Choi JY, Song M, Han S, Yoon HS, Lee Y, Oh J, Lee JK, Kang D. J Epidemiol. 2015;25(4):281-8. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20140136. Epub 2015 Mar 7.''		''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375282/ Subsequent risk of metabolic syndrome in women with a history of preeclampsia: data from the Health Examinees Study.] Yang JJ, Lee SA, Choi JY, Song M, Han S, Yoon HS, Lee Y, Oh J, Lee JK, Kang D. J Epidemiol. 2015;25(4):281-8. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20140136. Epub 2015 Mar 7.''

Barb: /* Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight */

2024-10-23T18:11:18Z

Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 23 October 2024
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	''"Association of Induced Abortion with Subsequent Pregnancy Loss," A. Levin, S. Schoenbaum, R. Monson, P. Stubblefield, and K. Ryan Journal of American Medical Association243:2495(1980). ''		'''''"[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/370430 Association of Induced Abortion with Subsequent Pregnancy Loss,]" A. Levin, S. Schoenbaum, R. Monson, P. Stubblefield, and K. Ryan Journal of American Medical Association243:2495(1980).''' ''
	:This study compared prior pregnancy histories of two groups of women, one having a pregnancy loss up to 28 weeks gestation and the other having a full-term delivery. Women who had two or more prior induced abortions had a twofold to threefold increase in first-trimester spontaneous abortions (miscarriage) between 14 to 20 and 20 to 27 weeks. The increased risk was present for women who had legal induced abortions since 1973. It was not explained by smoking status, history of prior spontaneous loss, prior abortion method, or degree of cervical dilation. No increased risk of pregnancy loss was detected among women with a single induced prior abortion.		:This study compared prior pregnancy histories of two groups of women, one having a pregnancy loss up to 28 weeks gestation and the other having a full-term delivery. Women who had two or more prior induced abortions had a twofold to threefold increase in first-trimester spontaneous abortions (miscarriage) between 14 to 20 and 20 to 27 weeks. The increased risk was present for women who had legal induced abortions since 1973. It was not explained by smoking status, history of prior spontaneous loss, prior abortion method, or degree of cervical dilation. No increased risk of pregnancy loss was detected among women with a single induced prior abortion.
			:"We compared prior pregnancy histories of two groups of multigravidas—240 women having a pregnancy loss up to 28 weeks' gestation and 1,072 women having a term delivery. Women who had had two or more prior induced abortions had a twofold to threefold increase in risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion, loss between 14 to 19 and 20 to 27 weeks. The increased risk was present for women who had legal induced abortions since 1973. It was not explained by smoking status, history of prior spontaneous loss, prior abortion method, or degree of cervical dilatation. No increase in risk of pregnancy loss was detected among women with a single prior induced abortion. We conclude that multiple induced abortions do increase the risk of subsequent pregnancy losses up to 28 weeks' gestation."

Barb: /* Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery */

2024-10-01T18:15:34Z

Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery

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 *"Another woman described her pregnancy as “horrible”. She continues,”I kept feeling like something bad was going to happen to my baby. After the birth, I suffered major depression. I was in deep grief over my previous abortion. I didn’t understand it at the time, but it made it very hard to bond with my baby. I was a total failure at breastfeeding and comforting her. That was the most painful time in my life.""
 *"In one survey by the Elliot Institute, nearly one half of the women surveyed stated that their negative feelings of their past abortion became worse when they gave birth to their children."
 ==Neonatal Infection==

Barb: /* Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery */

2024-08-12T15:02:59Z

Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery

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	==Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery==		==Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery==

			'''[https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3970069/v1 The Association between a History of Induced Abortion for Nonmedical Reasons and Maternal and Neonatal Perinatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study], Siqi Zhang, Chunxia Lu, Qing Zhao, Ling ping Zhang et al. Preprint'''

			'''Background:''' Following the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, many multiparous women who had a history of induced abortion gave birth again. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the associations between induced abortion for nonmedical reasons and maternal and neonatal perinatal complications.

			'''Methods:''' In this retrospective cohort study, the participants were multiparous women who gave birth to singleton babies at or after 28 weeks of gestation between December 1st, 2015, and December 1st, 2020. The exposure factor was maternal history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons. Logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding factors, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for maternal and neonatal perinatal outcomes. The dose‒effect relationships between the number of induced abortions for nonmedical reasons and adverse outcomes were tested by the Cochran‒Armitage trend test (p for trend). Stratified analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results in subgroups with different maternal ages or interpregnancy intervals.

			'''Results:''' There were 3,985 multiparous women with a history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons and 1,823 multiparous women without such a history. Compared to women without such a history, women with a history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons had increased risks of cesarean section (adjusted OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.69), placenta-related complications (adjusted OR, 2.14; 95% CI: 1.68 - 2.72), uterine-related complications (adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.81), HDP (adjusted OR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.16 - 1.93), and preterm birth (adjusted OR, 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.48) in subsequent pregnancy. In addition, there were dose-effect relationships between the number of induced abortions and the number of cesarean sections (P trend .001), placenta-related complications (P trend .001), uterine-related complications (P trend =.016), HDP (P trend =.0003), and preterm birth (P trend =.0006). Similar trends were observed in most subgroups with different maternal ages or interpregnancy intervals.

			'''Conclusions:''' A history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons was associated with increased risks of maternal and neonatal perinatal complications. Furthermore, dose‒effect relationships were observed for these associations.


	'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37984811/ Fear of childbirth after induced abortion in primiparous women: Population-based register study from Finland.] Kemppainen V, Mentula M, Seppälä T, Gissler M, Rouhe H, Terhi S, Heikinheimo O, Niinimäki M. ''Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.'' 2024 Feb;103(2):241-249. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14718. Epub 2023 Nov 20. PMID: 37984811; PMCID: PMC10823389.'''		'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37984811/ Fear of childbirth after induced abortion in primiparous women: Population-based register study from Finland.] Kemppainen V, Mentula M, Seppälä T, Gissler M, Rouhe H, Terhi S, Heikinheimo O, Niinimäki M. ''Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.'' 2024 Feb;103(2):241-249. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14718. Epub 2023 Nov 20. PMID: 37984811; PMCID: PMC10823389.'''

Barb: /* Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery */

2024-02-05T14:13:04Z

Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery

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	==Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery==		==Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery==

	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079434 Previous pregnancy outcomes and subsequent pregnancy anxiety in a Quebec prospective cohort.] Shapiro GD, Séguin JR, Muckle G, Monnier P, Fraser WD. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017 Jun;38(2):121-132. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2016.1271979. Epub 2017 Jan 12.		'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37984811/ Fear of childbirth after induced abortion in primiparous women: Population-based register study from Finland.] Kemppainen V, Mentula M, Seppälä T, Gissler M, Rouhe H, Terhi S, Heikinheimo O, Niinimäki M. ''Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.'' 2024 Feb;103(2):241-249. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14718. Epub 2023 Nov 20. PMID: 37984811; PMCID: PMC10823389.'''

			* Introduction: Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common obstetrical challenge that complicates about every 10th pregnancy. Background factors of FOC are diverse. We evaluated the association of induced abortion (IA) and FOC in subsequent pregnancy.
			* Material and methods: Population-based register study based on three Finnish national registers: the Register of Induced Abortions, the Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. The study cases were primigravid women undergoing an IA in 2000-2015 and subsequent pregnancy ending in live singleton birth up to 2017. Each case had three controls, matched by age and residential area, whose first pregnancy ended in a live birth. The main outcome was the incidence of FOC in the subsequent pregnancy. In a secondary analysis, we assessed other risk factors for FOC.
			* Results: The study cohort consisted of 21 455 women and 63 425 controls. Altogether, 4.2% of women had a diagnosis of FOC. The incidence was higher in women with a history of IA than in controls (5.6% vs 3.7%, P < 0.001). A history of IA was associated with higher odds for FOC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.20 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.30. In addition, a history of psychiatric diagnosis (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 3.15-3.83), high maternal age, 30-39 years old (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.43-1.67; P < 0.001) and ≥40 years old (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 2.37-3.77; P < 0.001) and smoking (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11-1.31; P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds for FOC. Women living in densely populated or rural areas and those with lower socioeconomic class had lower odds for FOC.
			* Conclusions: A history of IA is associated with increased odds for FOC in subsequent pregnancy. However, the associations of FOC with a history of psychiatric diagnosis and elevated maternal age (especially ≥40 years old) are more pronounced.
			* Keywords: fear of childbirth, childbirth; induced abortion.


			'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079434 Previous pregnancy outcomes and subsequent pregnancy anxiety in a Quebec prospective cohort.] Shapiro GD, Séguin JR, Muckle G, Monnier P, Fraser WD. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017 Jun;38(2):121-132. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2016.1271979. Epub 2017 Jan 12.'''

	:INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy anxiety is an important psychosocial risk factor that may be more strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes than other measures of stress. Better understanding of the upstream predictors and causes of pregnancy anxiety could help to identify high-risk women for adverse maternal and infant outcomes. The objective of the present study was to measure the associations between five past pregnancy outcomes (live preterm birth (PTB), live term birth, miscarriage at <20 weeks, stillbirth at ≥20 weeks, and elective abortion) and pregnancy anxiety at three trimesters in a subsequent pregnancy.		:INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy anxiety is an important psychosocial risk factor that may be more strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes than other measures of stress. Better understanding of the upstream predictors and causes of pregnancy anxiety could help to identify high-risk women for adverse maternal and infant outcomes. The objective of the present study was to measure the associations between five past pregnancy outcomes (live preterm birth (PTB), live term birth, miscarriage at <20 weeks, stillbirth at ≥20 weeks, and elective abortion) and pregnancy anxiety at three trimesters in a subsequent pregnancy.

Barb at 20:15, 30 January 2024

2024-01-30T20:15:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 30 January 2024
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	==Secondary Infertility==		==Secondary Infertility==

			'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36407692/ Secondary Infertility due to Fetal Bone Retention A systematic literature review.] Agolli A, Lawrence JA, Maskey U, Loh H, Parikh C. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2022 Nov;22(4):448-454.'''

			Prolonged intrauterine retention of fetal bones during an abortion procedure can lead to secondary infertility. This review aimed to raise awareness among obstetric/gynaecologists about the possibility of this condition. A total of 17 case reports, seven case series and one retrospective study were included in this review, with 75 patients in total. Overall, 60% had a pregnancy termination in the second trimester, while 20% had a termination during the first trimester. Hysteroscopic resection was used to remove the intrauterine fetal bones in 69% of patients. In total, 59% of patients conceived following the procedure, 1% conceived despite the presence of intrauterine bones, 24% could not conceive at the time of the study and 16% had an unknown outcome. Transvaginal ultrasound was used for diagnosis in 41 (55%) patients, while pelvic ultrasound was used in 21 (28%) patients. In conclusion, secondary infertility is a common occurrence after a dilation and curettage procedure partially due to fetal bone retention. The gold standard for an accurate diagnosis and treatment is hysteroscopy.


	One major pathway for infertility associated with abortion is through pelvic inflammatory disease, PID. Please read this second on [http://abortionrisks.org/index.php?title=Infection_Associated_With_Abortion#Pelvic_Inflammatory_Disease_.28PID.29 PID.]		One major pathway for infertility associated with abortion is through pelvic inflammatory disease, PID. Please read this second on [http://abortionrisks.org/index.php?title=Infection_Associated_With_Abortion#Pelvic_Inflammatory_Disease_.28PID.29 PID.]

	''"Role of Induced Abortion in Secondary Infertility," J.R. Daling, L.R. Spadoni, I. Emanuel, Obstet Gynecol 57: 59,1981. ''		'''''"Role of Induced Abortion in Secondary Infertility," J.R. Daling, L.R. Spadoni, I. Emanuel, Obstet Gynecol 57: 59,1981.''' ''
	:A case-control study of married couples diagnosed as having secondary infertility at the University of Washington Hospital in 1976-78 found that women with a history of prior induced abortion had a 1.31 relative increased risk of secondary infertility (0.71-2.43, 95% C.I.), which was not statistically significant, compared with controls.		:A case-control study of married couples diagnosed as having secondary infertility at the University of Washington Hospital in 1976-78 found that women with a history of prior induced abortion had a 1.31 relative increased risk of secondary infertility (0.71-2.43, 95% C.I.), which was not statistically significant, compared with controls.


	''"Induced abortions, miscarriages and tobacco smoking as risk factors for secondary infertility," A. Tzonou, et al, J. Epidemiology and Comm. Health 47:36,1993. ''		'''''"Induced abortions, miscarriages and tobacco smoking as risk factors for secondary infertility," A. Tzonou, et al, J. Epidemiology and Comm. Health 47:36,1993.''' ''
	:In a case-control study by the Harvard Schools of Public Health and the University of Athens, of women in Athens, Greece in 1987-88, the occurrence of either induced abortions or spontaneous abortions independently and significantly increased the risk of subsequent secondary infertility. The logistic progression adjusted relative risks was 2.1 (1.1-4.0, 95% C.I.) for secondary infertility when there was 1 previous abortion and 2.3 (1.0-5.5, 95% C.I.) when there were 2 previous abortions. The adjusted relative risk of tobacco smoking for secondary infertility was 3.0 (1.3-6.8, 95% C.I.) compared to non- smokers. Secondary infertility was defined as [1] patient had a previous conception; [2] patient was married; [3] husband had a normal semen analysis and [4] patient had been trying become pregnant for at least 18 months.		:In a case-control study by the Harvard Schools of Public Health and the University of Athens, of women in Athens, Greece in 1987-88, the occurrence of either induced abortions or spontaneous abortions independently and significantly increased the risk of subsequent secondary infertility. The logistic progression adjusted relative risks was 2.1 (1.1-4.0, 95% C.I.) for secondary infertility when there was 1 previous abortion and 2.3 (1.0-5.5, 95% C.I.) when there were 2 previous abortions. The adjusted relative risk of tobacco smoking for secondary infertility was 3.0 (1.3-6.8, 95% C.I.) compared to non- smokers. Secondary infertility was defined as [1] patient had a previous conception; [2] patient was married; [3] husband had a normal semen analysis and [4] patient had been trying become pregnant for at least 18 months.


	''"The effect of induced abortion on subsequent fertility," P Frank et al, Br J Obstetrics and Gynecology 100:575, 1993. ''		'''''"The effect of induced abortion on subsequent fertility," P Frank et al, Br J Obstetrics and Gynecology 100:575, 1993.''' ''
	:In a follow-up analysis of British women who had an induced abortion compared to women whose last pregnancy had a natural outcome, it was found that at the end of 12 months 89% of the abortion group had achieved a pregnancy compared to 93.3% on the non-abortion group which approached statistical significance		:In a follow-up analysis of British women who had an induced abortion compared to women whose last pregnancy had a natural outcome, it was found that at the end of 12 months 89% of the abortion group had achieved a pregnancy compared to 93.3% on the non-abortion group which approached statistical significance


	''"Contraception after abortion and postpartum," H. Vorherr, Am.J. Obstet. Gynecol. 117(7):1002, Dec. 1, 1973''		'''''"Contraception after abortion and postpartum," H. Vorherr, Am.J. Obstet. Gynecol. 117(7):1002, Dec. 1, 1973'''''
	:A study at the University of New Mexico reported that in 5-10% of healthy nonpostpartum women (apparently post abortion women) anovulary cycles are observed.		:A study at the University of New Mexico reported that in 5-10% of healthy nonpostpartum women (apparently post abortion women) anovulary cycles are observed.


	''"Short and Long-term Results of Pregnancy by Different Methods, E.I," Sotnikova, Acta Medica Hungarica 43 (2): 139-143 (1986). ''		'''''"Short and Long-term Results of Pregnancy by Different Methods, E.I," Sotnikova, Acta Medica Hungarica 43 (2): 139-143 (1986).''' ''
	:A Russian study of 560 women undergoing abortion by curettage, prostaglandin and vacuum aspiration found that one-third of the women had serious ovarian dysfunction 3-5 years post-abortion. Ovarian dysfunction was six times more observed than genital inflammations. Post-abortion complications were more frequent in women with a late menarche and with a history of genital inflammation. Instrumental abortion has more short-term complications (12%) than the other methods.		:A Russian study of 560 women undergoing abortion by curettage, prostaglandin and vacuum aspiration found that one-third of the women had serious ovarian dysfunction 3-5 years post-abortion. Ovarian dysfunction was six times more observed than genital inflammations. Post-abortion complications were more frequent in women with a late menarche and with a history of genital inflammation. Instrumental abortion has more short-term complications (12%) than the other methods.

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	==Placenta Previa/Aburuptio Placentae/Retained Placenta==		==Placenta Previa/Aburuptio Placentae/Retained Placenta==

			'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34768164/ The risk factors associated with placenta previa: An umbrella review.] Jenabi E, Salimi Z, Bashirian S, Khazaei S, Ayubi E. Placenta. 2022 Jan;117:21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.10.009. Epub 2021 Oct 20. PMID: 34768164.'''

			: We evaluated in this umbrella review a systematic collection from meta-analyses conducted on risk factors associated with placenta previa. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until April 2021 assessing the risk factors associated with placenta previa. We calculated summary effect estimates odds ratio, relative risk, 95% CI, heterogeneity I2, 95% prediction interval, small-study effects, excess significance biases, and sensitive analysis. The quality of the meta-analyses was evaluated with AMSTAR 2. We included nine studies in the present umbrella review. Seven risk factors including prior induced abortion (OR 1·36, 95% CI: 1·02, 1·69), prior spontaneous abortion (OR 1·77, 95% CI: 1·60, 1·94), male fetus (OR 1·2, 95% CI: 1·2, 1·3), smoking (OR 1·42, 95% CI 1·30, 1·54) (RR 1·27, 95% CI: 1·18, 1·35) advanced maternal age (OR 3·16, 95% CI: 2·79, 3·57), cesarean (OR 1·60, 95% CI: 1·44, 1·76) and ART (singleton pregnancy) (RR 3·71, 95% CI: 2·67, 5·16) were graded as highly suggestive evidence (class III). Endometriosis (OR 3·03, 95% CI: 1·50, 6·13) and maternal cocaine use (OR 2·9, 95% CI: 1·9, 4·3) were graded as risk factors with weak evidence (class IV). This study provides suggestive evidence about prior spontaneous abortion, prior induced abortion, male fetus, smoking, advanced maternal age, cesarean section, and assisted reproductive techniques (singleton pregnancy) as risk factors associated with placenta previa.


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	==Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight==		==Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight==
			'''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35152413/ Antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of adverse neonatal outcomes: A comprehensive investigation of previously identified associations.] Rommel AS, Momen NC, Molenaar NM, Agerbo E, Bergink V, Munk-Olsen T, Liu X. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022 Feb 12. doi: 10.1111/acps.13409. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35152413.'''

			Prenatal antidepressant exposure was associated with small decreases in gestational age and birthweight, as well as higher risk for moderate-to-late preterm birth, moderately low birthweight, neonatal admission and postnatal adaptation syndrome.


			'''[https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aogs.13788 The duration of gestation at previous induced abortion and its impacts on subsequent births: A nationwide registry-based study.] Kc S, Gissler M, Klemetti R. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020 Mar 3. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13788. [Epub ahead of print]'''

	'''[https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aogs.13788 The duration of gestation at previous induced abortion and its impacts on subsequent births: A nationwide registry-based study.] Kc S, Gissler M, Klemetti R. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020 Mar 3. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13788. [Epub ahead of print]
	~~'''~~
	:INTRODUCTION: Previous induced abortions have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, only a few studies have considered the possible influence of gestational age at induced abortion. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the impacts of gestational age during prior induced abortion(s) on subsequent births among first-time mothers in Finland.		:INTRODUCTION: Previous induced abortions have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, only a few studies have considered the possible influence of gestational age at induced abortion. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the impacts of gestational age during prior induced abortion(s) on subsequent births among first-time mothers in Finland.

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	''"Previous abortion and the risk of low birth weight and preterm births." Brown JS Jr, Adera T, Masho SW. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008 Jan;62(1):16-22.		''"Previous abortion and the risk of low birth weight and preterm births." Brown JS Jr, Adera T, Masho SW. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008 Jan;62(1):16-22.

	:Abortions increase the risk of low birth weight by three fold and the risk of premature birth two fold. According to the authors, the effect is causal. "The accruing risk, says co-author Tilahun Adera at Virginia Commonwealth University, suggests that termination of pregnancy is a true cause of low birth weight and preterm birth rather than a variable associated with such conditions. 'It's not just an association,' he says. 'The risk of premature birth increases with the increasing number of abortions.'"[http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1695927,00.html]		:Abortions increase the risk of low birth weight by three fold and the risk of premature birth two fold. According to the authors, the effect is causal. "The accruing risk, says co-author Tilahun Adera at Virginia Commonwealth University, suggests that termination of pregnancy is a true cause of low birth weight and preterm birth rather than a variable associated with such conditions. 'It's not just an association,' he says. 'The risk of premature birth increases with the increasing number of abortions.'"[http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1695927,00.html]
	:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between previous abortion and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB). METHOD: The study examined live, singleton births using data from the United States Collaborative Perinatal Project. Over 45,000 single-child live births from 1959 to 1966 were examined. Logistic regression was used to control for obstetric and medical history, and lifestyle and demographic factors. RESULT: Compared with women with no history of abortion, women who had one, two and three or more previous abortions were 2.8 (95% CI 2.48 to 3.07), 4.6 (95% CI 3.94 to 5.46) and 9.5 (95% CI 7.72 to 11.67) times more likely to have LBW, respectively. The risk for PB was also 1.7 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.83), 2.0 (95% CI 1.73 to 2.37) and 3.0 (95% CI 2.47 to 3.70) times higher for women with a history of one, two and three or more previous abortions, respectively. CONCLUSION: Previous abortion is a significant risk factor for LBW and PB, and the risk increases with the increasing number of previous abortions. Practitioners should consider previous abortion as a risk factor for LBW and PB.		:OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between previous abortion and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB). METHOD: The study examined live, singleton births using data from the United States Collaborative Perinatal Project. Over 45,000 single-child live births from 1959 to 1966 were examined. Logistic regression was used to control for obstetric and medical history, and lifestyle and demographic factors. RESULT: Compared with women with no history of abortion, women who had one, two and three or more previous abortions were 2.8 (95% CI 2.48 to 3.07), 4.6 (95% CI 3.94 to 5.46) and 9.5 (95% CI 7.72 to 11.67) times more likely to have LBW, respectively. The risk for PB was also 1.7 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.83), 2.0 (95% CI 1.73 to 2.37) and 3.0 (95% CI 2.47 to 3.70) times higher for women with a history of one, two and three or more previous abortions, respectively. CONCLUSION: Previous abortion is a significant risk factor for LBW and PB, and the risk increases with the increasing number of previous abortions. Practitioners should consider previous abortion as a risk factor for LBW and PB.

Barb: /* Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery */

2021-03-29T13:33:33Z

Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, 29 March 2021
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	''"Impact of induced abortions on subsequent pregnancy outcome. The 1995 French national perinatal pregnancy survey, L Henriet, M Kaminski, Br J Obstet Gynaecol 108 :1036-1042 ,2001''		''"Impact of induced abortions on subsequent pregnancy outcome. The 1995 French national perinatal pregnancy survey, L Henriet, M Kaminski, Br J Obstet Gynaecol 108 :1036-1042 ,2001''
	:In a national sample of 12,432 French women who had a singleton live birth during one week in 1995, there was a statistically significant increased risk of preterm birth of 30% for women with one prior abortion, and a 90% increased risk of preterm birth for women with two or more induced abortions compared to women with no induced abortion history.		:In a national sample of 12,432 French women who had a singleton live birth during one week in 1995, there was a statistically significant increased risk of preterm birth of 30% for women with one prior abortion, and a 90% increased risk of preterm birth for women with two or more induced abortions compared to women with no induced abortion history.

			==Autism==
			[https://www.gcatresearch.com/gcatr/Volume2019/gcatr.01.0015.pdf Prenatal Environment and Perinatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.] J Ou, Y Shen, Y Li, G Xun, H Liu, Y He, H Guo, R Wu. Global Clinical and Translational Research 2019;1(3):100-108.

			:A history of induced abortion was associated with double the risk (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.65-2.60) of a later child having autism.


	==Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery==		==Other Difficulties in Labor and Delivery==

Barb: /* Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight */

2020-03-07T16:19:33Z

Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 7 March 2020
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	:MATERIAL AND METHODS: First-time mothers (n = 418 690) with singleton births between 1996 and 2013 were identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and linked to the Abortion Register. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of birth outcomes such as prematurity, low birthweight, perinatal death and small for gestational age (SGA).		:MATERIAL AND METHODS: First-time mothers (n = 418 690) with singleton births between 1996 and 2013 were identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and linked to the Abortion Register. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of birth outcomes such as prematurity, low birthweight, perinatal death and small for gestational age (SGA).

	:~~ESULTS~~: Higher risk was determined for extremely preterm birth (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.53-3.39) and very low birthweight (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.22-2.16) in women having had late-induced abortion(s) (≥12 gestational weeks) compared with women having had early-induced abortion(s) (<12 gestational weeks); after adjusting for women's background characteristics, abortion method and interval between the pregnancies. When the analysis was limited to a single abortion, an increased risk was found for extremely preterm birth (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.02-2.81). Higher risks were found for extremely preterm (OR 4.09; 95% CI 2.05-8.18) and very low birthweight (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.61-4.35) among women with two or more late-induced abortions compared with those with two or more early-induced abortions. Worse outcomes were seen after a late-induced abortion compared to an early-induced abortion for both medically and surgically induced abortion.		:RESULTS: Higher risk was determined for extremely preterm birth (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.53-3.39) and very low birthweight (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.22-2.16) in women having had late-induced abortion(s) (≥12 gestational weeks) compared with women having had early-induced abortion(s) (<12 gestational weeks); after adjusting for women's background characteristics, abortion method and interval between the pregnancies. When the analysis was limited to a single abortion, an increased risk was found for extremely preterm birth (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.02-2.81). Higher risks were found for extremely preterm (OR 4.09; 95% CI 2.05-8.18) and very low birthweight (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.61-4.35) among women with two or more late-induced abortions compared with those with two or more early-induced abortions. Worse outcomes were seen after a late-induced abortion compared to an early-induced abortion for both medically and surgically induced abortion.

	:CONCLUSIONS: The risk of subsequent adverse birth outcomes is very small if any, but the risk is higher with increasing gestational age at the time of induced abortion. Our study supports reduction of unintended pregnancy and offering abortion services without delay and as early in gestation as possible.		:CONCLUSIONS: The risk of subsequent adverse birth outcomes is very small if any, but the risk is higher with increasing gestational age at the time of induced abortion. Our study supports reduction of unintended pregnancy and offering abortion services without delay and as early in gestation as possible.

Barb: /* Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight */

2020-03-07T16:18:44Z

Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 7 March 2020
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	==Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight==		==Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight==

			'''[https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aogs.13788 The duration of gestation at previous induced abortion and its impacts on subsequent births: A nationwide registry-based study.] Kc S, Gissler M, Klemetti R. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020 Mar 3. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13788. [Epub ahead of print]
			'''
			:INTRODUCTION: Previous induced abortions have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, only a few studies have considered the possible influence of gestational age at induced abortion. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the impacts of gestational age during prior induced abortion(s) on subsequent births among first-time mothers in Finland.

			:MATERIAL AND METHODS: First-time mothers (n = 418 690) with singleton births between 1996 and 2013 were identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and linked to the Abortion Register. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of birth outcomes such as prematurity, low birthweight, perinatal death and small for gestational age (SGA).

			:ESULTS: Higher risk was determined for extremely preterm birth (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.53-3.39) and very low birthweight (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.22-2.16) in women having had late-induced abortion(s) (≥12 gestational weeks) compared with women having had early-induced abortion(s) (<12 gestational weeks); after adjusting for women's background characteristics, abortion method and interval between the pregnancies. When the analysis was limited to a single abortion, an increased risk was found for extremely preterm birth (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.02-2.81). Higher risks were found for extremely preterm (OR 4.09; 95% CI 2.05-8.18) and very low birthweight (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.61-4.35) among women with two or more late-induced abortions compared with those with two or more early-induced abortions. Worse outcomes were seen after a late-induced abortion compared to an early-induced abortion for both medically and surgically induced abortion.

			:CONCLUSIONS: The risk of subsequent adverse birth outcomes is very small if any, but the risk is higher with increasing gestational age at the time of induced abortion. Our study supports reduction of unintended pregnancy and offering abortion services without delay and as early in gestation as possible.

Barb: /* Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight */

2018-08-14T16:20:30Z

Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 14 August 2018
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	==Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight==		==Subsequent Miscarriage, Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight==


			'''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052504 Pregnancy loss managed by cervical dilatation and curettage increases the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.]
			McCarthy FP1, Khashan AS, North RA, Rahma MB, Walker JJ, Baker PN, Dekker G, Poston L, McCowan LM, O'Donoghue K, Kenny LC; SCOPE Consortium. Hum Reprod. 2013 Dec;28(12):3197-206. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det332. Epub 2013 Sep 19.'''


			:STUDY QUESTION: Do women with a previous miscarriage or termination of pregnancy have an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth and is this related to previous cervical dilatation and curettage?

			:SUMMARY ANSWER: A single previous pregnancy loss (termination or miscarriage) managed by cervical dilatation and curettage is associated with a greater risk of SpPTB.

			:WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Miscarriage affects ∼20% of pregnancies and as many as a further 20% of pregnancies undergo termination.

			:STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We utilized data from 5575 healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies recruited to the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study, a prospective cohort study performed between November 2004 and January 2011.

			:PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth (defined as spontaneous preterm labour or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) resulting in preterm birth <37 weeks' gestation). Secondary outcomes included PPROM, small for gestational age, birthweight, pre-eclampsia and placental abruption.

			:MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Women with previous pregnancy loss (miscarriage or termination) were compared with those with no previous pregnancy loss. There were 4331 (78%) women who had no previous pregnancy loss, 974 (17.5%) who had one early previous pregnancy loss, 249 (4.5%) who had two and 21 (0.5%) who had three or four losses. Women with two to four previous losses, but not those with a single loss, had an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (adjusted OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.55, 2.90) and/or placental abruption (adjusted OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.36, 3.89) compared with those with no previous pregnancy. A single previous miscarriage or termination of pregnancy where the management involved cervical dilatation and curettage was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.08, 2.50; 6% absolute risk and adjusted OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.35, 2.48; 7% absolute risk, respectively) compared with those with no previous pregnancy losses. This is in contrast with women with a single previous miscarriage or termination managed non-surgically who showed no increase risk (adjusted OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.38, 1.94; 3.4% absolute risk and adjusted OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.69, 1.12; 3.8% absolute risk, respectively).

			:LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Although every effort was made to record accurate previous pregnancy data, it was not feasible to confirm the history and management of previous pregnancy loss by hospital records. This may have introduced recall bias.

			:WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This large prospective cohort study of healthy nulliparous women has demonstrated that women with either a previous miscarriage or termination of pregnancy were at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth if they were managed by procedures involving cervical dilatation and curettage. However, overall, women with a single pregnancy loss did not have an increased risk of having any other of the adverse pregnancy outcomes examined. In contrast, two to four previous pregnancy losses were associated with an increased risk of having a pregnancy complicated by spontaneous preterm birth and/or placental abruption. Research is required to determine whether non-surgical management of miscarriage or termination of pregnancy should be advocated over surgical treatment.




	[http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(15)02596-X/abstract Prior uterine evacuation of pregnancy as independent risk factor for preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis] Saccone G, Perriera L, Berghella V. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Dec 29. pii: S0002-9378(15)02596-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.044.		[http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(15)02596-X/abstract Prior uterine evacuation of pregnancy as independent risk factor for preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis] Saccone G, Perriera L, Berghella V. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Dec 29. pii: S0002-9378(15)02596-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.044.